Does a Pap test detect every infection, or is there another test? | Dr. Carlo

Question 1

Does a Pap test detect every infection, or is there another test?

Accepted Answer

No. A Pap test mainly looks for changes in the cells of the cervix. Sometimes it also shows an infection or inflammation along the way, but it isn't designed to find every infection. HPV has its own test, which looks for the high-risk types. Other sexually transmitted infections are checked for with separate tests.

Question 2

If my Pap shows no cancer cells, how do they know there's inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Besides the cervical cells, the sample shows immune cells such as neutrophils and lymphocytes. When there are a lot of them, the report describes this as inflammation. It's a common finding, and most of the time it isn't a cause for concern. What matters is keeping up with your regular checkups.

Question 3

Why don't transformation zone cells show up, so I have to repeat my Pap?

Accepted Answer

Often the brush just didn't reach the transformation zone, where most lesions start. Age, pregnancies and some bacterial or yeast infections also play a role. Missing these cells doesn't raise your risk of a high-grade lesion. Whether to repeat the Pap is your doctor's call, based on your age and your HPV test.

Question 4

Is it normal to bleed or feel irritated after a Pap test, or should I worry?

Accepted Answer

Yes, some discomfort and light bleeding are normal, and the bleeding usually stops within hours. The cervix has many blood vessels, and the brush rubs against it. A Pap is done even if you feel fine, since it looks for changes before symptoms. If the bleeding is heavy or won't stop, tell whoever took your sample.